{"id":3301,"date":"2025-11-10T16:20:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T16:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itlawco.com\/?page_id=3301"},"modified":"2025-11-10T16:20:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T16:20:36","slug":"software-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/itlawco.com\/fr\/focus-areas\/it-law\/software-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Software law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a5f44856a56b\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-animation-delay=\"\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap row-bg-layer\" ><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div style=\"margin-top: 30px; \" class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone \"  data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p data-start=\"430\" data-end=\"597\">Software law is the field that deals with the rules around how software is created, sold, used, updated, and who is legally responsible when something goes wrong.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"649\">Most people think software = \u201ccode on a computer\u201d.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"651\" data-end=\"697\">But in law, software can also be treated like:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"739\">a product (like a fridge or a car part)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"774\">a service (like Netflix or Uber)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"839\">a tool that processes personal data<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"904\">a system that might cause harm even after you stop touching it<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"999\">This is why software law is complex. Added to the complexity is thate different countries treat software differently.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1006\" data-end=\"1064\">Why this matters<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1006\" data-end=\"1064\">Modern software is everywhere:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1109\">phone apps<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1120\">websites<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1137\">online banking<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1155\">medical devices<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1175\">ride-hailing apps<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1189\">AI chatbots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1364\">And software today doesn\u2019t just \u201csit still\u201d. Software updates itself. AI models learn new patterns automatically. A system can behave differently today than last week.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1413\">So more and more countries are starting to ask: If software causes harm \u2014 who pays?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1413\">The maker?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1413\">The seller?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1413\">The developer?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1413\">The company who installed it?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1413\">The company who updated it?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1596\">This is the heart of software law.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1655\">Different parts of the world have different rules<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"2297\">\n<thead data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1693\">\n<tr data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1693\">\n<th data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1666\" data-col-size=\"md\">Region<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1666\" data-end=\"1693\" data-col-size=\"xl\">How software is treated<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"2297\">\n<tr data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1896\">\n<td data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1721\" data-col-size=\"md\">European Union<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"1896\" data-col-size=\"xl\">software can count as a <em data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1756\">product<\/em> \u2014 like a physical thing \u2014 which means companies can be held legally responsible even if the customer cannot prove exactly what went wrong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1897\" data-end=\"2034\">\n<td data-start=\"1897\" data-end=\"1913\" data-col-size=\"md\">United States<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1913\" data-end=\"2034\" data-col-size=\"xl\">software is mostly treated as a <em data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"1956\">service<\/em> \u2014 so it is harder to sue, and you normally have to prove negligence (fault)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2035\" data-end=\"2142\">\n<td data-start=\"2035\" data-end=\"2050\" data-col-size=\"md\">South Africa<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2142\" data-col-size=\"xl\">similar to the US in practice \u2014 responsibility mostly depends on contract and negligence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2297\">\n<td data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2189\" data-col-size=\"md\">Middle East (Saudi \/ UAE \/ Qatar \/ Bahrain)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2297\" data-col-size=\"xl\">focus on contracts, copyright, and privacy \u2014 still building towards Europe-style rules but not there yet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"2304\" data-end=\"2324\">How ITLawCo helps<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2326\" data-end=\"2344\">We help companies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2347\" data-end=\"2371\">decide who owns the code<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2374\" data-end=\"2428\">avoid getting into trouble with open-source components<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2431\" data-end=\"2474\">write contracts for software and AI systems<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2477\" data-end=\"2549\">understand how privacy laws apply when their software uses personal data<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2552\" data-end=\"2625\">prepare for new \u201csoftware product liability\u201d rules (especially in Europe)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2726\">design systems that allow customers to switch providers (because Europe is banning unfair lock-in)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>FAQs<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"toggles \" data-br=\"none\" data-starting=\"default\" data-style=\"default\"><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856c7ec\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856c7ec\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is software legally treated like a physical product?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856c7ec\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856c7ec\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p data-start=\"204\" data-end=\"626\"><strong data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"270\">EU:<\/strong> The EU has legislated toward treating software as a \u201cproduct\u201d under the revised Product Liability Directive \u2014 national laws apply from <strong data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"425\">Dec 2026 onward<\/strong>. This means strict liability will apply once Member States implement it.<br data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"501\" \/><strong data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"508\">US:<\/strong> usually treated as a \u201cservice\u201d.<br data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"543\" \/><strong data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"560\">South Africa:<\/strong> similar to US \u2014 liability mainly via contract + negligence.<br data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"623\" \/><strong data-start=\"623\" data-end=\"631\">GCC:<\/strong> not yet aligned with EU style product-liability treatment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856cf84\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856cf84\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Can software updates create legal responsibility?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856cf84\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856cf84\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p><strong data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"691\">EU:<\/strong> yes \u2014 once the revised rules are applied, harmful updates (or failures to update) can trigger strict responsibility.<br data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"811\" \/><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"829\">US \/ SA \/ GCC:<\/strong> responsibility mostly depends on contracts, negligence and proof of fault.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856d5fc\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856d5fc\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>What is model drift?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856d5fc\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856d5fc\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>When an AI system slowly changes how it behaves over time \u2014 without the developers explicitly changing it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856dbee\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856dbee\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>What is open-source software?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856dbee\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856dbee\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Software anyone can use or build on \u2014 but rules still apply, and those rules can be legally enforced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856e1ac\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856e1ac\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Does the risk of open source software apply in all regions?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856e1ac\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856e1ac\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Yes \u2014 open-source rules can be enforced globally.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856e73e\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856e73e\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is patenting software possible?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856e73e\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856e73e\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Potentially.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856ecb6\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856ecb6\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is privacy law part of software law?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856ecb6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856ecb6\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Yes \u2014 because software is what actually processes personal information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856f240\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856f240\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Do GCC data laws apply to international software providers?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856f240\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856f240\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"972\">GCC data laws do contain EU-style extra-territorial scope \u2014 regulatory enforcement is increasing, but still maturing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856f810\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856f810\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is data portability becoming mandatory?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856f810\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856f810\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p><strong data-start=\"1850\" data-end=\"1857\">EU:<\/strong> yes \u2014 the EU Data Act is making it a right to move your data to another provider.<br data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"1942\" \/><strong data-start=\"1942\" data-end=\"1960\">US \/ SA \/ GCC:<\/strong> emerging \u2014 but less aggressive so far.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856fe17\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856fe17\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is vendor lock-in regulated?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f44856fe17\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f44856fe17\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p><strong data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2043\">EU:<\/strong> yes \u2014 Europe is actively trying to prevent unfair \u201ctrapping\u201d of users inside one provider.<br data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2137\" \/><strong data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2155\">US \/ SA \/ GCC:<\/strong> mostly handled through contracts and competition cases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f4485703ec\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f4485703ec\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Do courts enforce click-wrap (\u201cI agree\u201d) pop-up terms?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f4485703ec\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f4485703ec\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Most courts \u2014 globally \u2014 do enforce them if the user is given clear notice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f448570944\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f448570944\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is Africa moving toward the European model?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f448570944\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f448570944\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Not fully \u2014 but South Africa and many AU regulators are watching EU developments because of trade links.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle default\" data-inner-wrap=\"true\"><h3 class=\"toggle-title\"><a href=\"#\" id=\"toggle-button-6a5f448570ea6\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"toggle-panel-6a5f448570ea6\" class=\"toggle-heading\"><i role=\"presentation\" class=\"fa fa-plus\"><\/i>Is APAC different?<\/a><\/h3><div id=\"toggle-panel-6a5f448570ea6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"toggle-button-6a5f448570ea6\"><div class=\"inner-toggle-wrap\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<p>Yes \u2014 APAC usually regulates specific sectors (e.g., finance, health) instead of one single horizontal software\/AI act.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \" >\n\t<h2 data-start=\"4734\" data-end=\"4756\">Book a conversation<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4758\" data-end=\"4847\">If you\u2019re building or using software\u2014even simple apps\u2014the law already applies to you. We help you understand the rules before risk becomes reality. Contact us today.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f718-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"718\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3301#wpcf7-f718-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"718\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.6\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f718-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_uacf7_hidden_conditional_fields\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_recaptcha_response\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"uacf7-form-wrapper-container uacf7-form-718  \"><div class=\"uacf7-row\"><div class=\"uacf7-col-4\"><label>Name (required)<\/label>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-name\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"uacf7-col-4\"><label>Email (required)<\/label>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"your-email\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"uacf7-col-4\"><label>Contact number (optional)<\/label>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-phone\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"tel\" name=\"your-phone\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/br>\n<div class=\"uacf7-row\"><div class=\"uacf7-col-6\"><label>Company (required)<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"Company\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" id=\"Company\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"Company\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"uacf7-col-6\"><label>Company role (required)<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"Company\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"Company\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/br>\n<label>Area of enquiry (required)<\/label><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"AreaofITlawenquiryrequired\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"AreaofITlawenquiryrequired\"><option value=\"\">&#8212;Please choose an option&#8212;<\/option><option value=\"Artificial intelligence\">Artificial intelligence<\/option><option value=\"Computing: on-premise, cloud and quantum computing\">Computing: on-premise, cloud and quantum computing<\/option><option value=\"Online marketplaces\">Online marketplaces<\/option><option value=\"IT contracts\">IT contracts<\/option><option value=\"Third party risk management\">Third party risk management<\/option><option value=\"ICT law\">ICT law<\/option><option value=\"Cybercrime law\">Cybercrime law<\/option><option value=\"Electronic signatures law\">Electronic signatures law<\/option><option value=\"Data protection and privacy\">Data protection and privacy<\/option><option value=\"Access to information\">Access to information<\/option><option value=\"Cyber and security\">Cyber and security<\/option><option value=\"Incident response\">Incident response<\/option><option value=\"Business continuity\">Business continuity<\/option><option value=\"IT GRC - 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